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References

Akhtar S, Ahmed A, Randhawa MA Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in South Asia: causes, outcomes, and possible remedies. J Health Popul Nutr. 2013; 31:(4)413-423
Mitra AK, Alvarez JO, Guay-Woodford L, Fuchs GJ, Wahed MA, Stephensen CB Urinary retinol excretion and kidney function in children with shigellosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998; 68:1095-103
World Health Organization. 2009.
Ravindran RD, Vashist PK, Gupta S Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6:(12)
Shklar G, McCarthy PLBoston: Butterworth; 1976
Johnson BD, Engel D Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis – a review of diagnosis, etiology and treatment. J Periodontol. 1986; 57:(3)141-150
Barnes GP, Bowles WF, Carter HG Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: a survey of 218 cases. J Periodontol. 1973; 44:35-42
Perry R, Klokkevold PR, Mealey BL Influence of systemic conditions on the periodontium, 11th edn. In: Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA India: Elsevier; 2011
Murayama Y, Kurihara H, Nagai A, Dompkowski D, Van Dyke TE Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: risk factors involving host defense mechanisms. Periodontology 2000. 1994; 6:116-124

ANUG vs scurvy

From Volume 43, Issue 5, June 2016 | Page 492

Authors

Santhosh Kumar

Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Karnataka, India

Articles by Santhosh Kumar

Subraya Bhat Giliyar

MDS, MFGD (UK), FICOI(USA)

Fellow of FAIMER, Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, PDS division, College of Dental Surgery, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Articles by Subraya Bhat Giliyar

Kanishk Gupta

Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Karnataka, India

Articles by Kanishk Gupta

Article

With great enthusiasm I read the article published by Devan Raindi on ‘Nutrition and Periodontal Disease’ (Dent Update 2016; 43: 66–72). The work of the author is commendable. It would be appropriate to add here that among the nutritional deficiencies the most commonly encountered deficiencies include the vitamin A, B-complex and vitamin D. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major problem in many developing countries which include India.1 It is generally associated with a decrease in the intake of this vitamin in the diet and also due to infectious diseases like measles, respiratory tract infection and diarrhoea that are highly prevalent.2

Vitamin C deficiency has been seen more in Indian men than in women and increases with age, use of tobacco and in the presence of noncommunicable disease.3 Severe Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy. The common features of this include bright red, boggy gingiva that bleeds easily on gentle provocation and loosened teeth. The deficiency of this nutrient is known to alter the immune response and will also be detrimental on the cellular products such as oxygen radicals.4

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