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Hydraulic cements for various applications in endodontics: Part 2 Stephen J Bonsor Josette Camilleri Dental Update 2024 48:8, 707-709.
Authors
Stephen JBonsor
BDS(Hons) MSc FHEA FDS RCPS(Glasg) FDFTEd FCGDent GDP
The Dental Practice, 21 Rubislaw Terrace, Aberdeen; Hon Senior Clinical Lecturer, Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen; Online Tutor/Clinical Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Reader in Applied Endodontic Materials, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
The first article in this two-part series described the properties and use of hydraulic cements for intra-coronal applications, mainly for vital pulp therapy and as a barrier for regenerative endodontic procedures. In Part 2, the intra-radicular and extra-radicular uses are discussed. Hydraulic cements are a unique set of materials that set in the presence of water and, when set, they are resistant to deterioration in a damp environment. The use of hydraulic cements within the root canal (root canal sealer and apical plug) and when used at the periodontal–endodontic interface (perforation repair and root-end filler) is described and illustrated with clinical cases.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Hydraulic cements are indicated for a number of procedures in endodontics and this is supported by an extensive and increasing body of evidence with respect to their efficacy.
Article
Hydraulic cements are unique materials that set in the presence of water and do not deteriorate when placed in a damp environment. As a result, their use is becoming more commonplace in contemporary endodontics. Hydraulic cements have been classified based on their specific use1 as their environmental interactions are dependent on the location they are placed in. They can be used intra-coronally (pulp capping and barrier regenerative endodontics), intra-radicularly (root canal sealer and apical plug) and extra-radicularly (perforation repair and root-end filler).
The first article in this two-part series described the development, material chemistry and hydration of the hydraulic cements, and also illustrated the clinical use of intra-coronal materials. The use of hydraulic cements used as sealers, apical plugs, root-end fillers and perforation repair materials, each illustrated with clinical cases, are discussed in this article.
The intra-radicular materials include the root canal sealers and the materials used for apical plugs. The properties of these materials are very diverse. The requirements of hydraulic cements used for intra-radicular indications are shown in Table 1.
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