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Hydraulic cements for various intra-coronal applications: Part 1 Stephen J Bonsor Josette Camilleri Dental Update 2024 48:8, 707-709.
Authors
Stephen JBonsor
BDS(Hons) MSc FHEA FDS RCPS(Glasg) FDFTEd FCGDent GDP
The Dental Practice, 21 Rubislaw Terrace, Aberdeen; Hon Senior Clinical Lecturer, Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen; Online Tutor/Clinical Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Reader in Applied Endodontic Materials, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
Hydraulic cements are unique materials that set in the presence of water and do not deteriorate when wet and, as such, they lend themselves to be used in a range of endodontic procedures. Various products are available, and a classification is helpful to guide the clinician. Hydraulic cements may be used in three different locations namely: intra-coronally (pulp capping and barrier regenerative endodontics); intra-radicularly (root canal sealer and apical plug); and extra-radicularly (perforation repair and root-end filler). This article is the first of two parts and reviews the chemistry of these materials and their intra-coronal use.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Hydraulic cements are indicated for several procedures in clinical endodontics and their efficacy is supported by an increasing body of evidence.
Article
Hydraulic cements are a unique type of material that sets in the presence of water and does not deteriorate when wet. They originate from the construction industry and the Portland cement used as a binder for concrete. Portland cement is composed of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and calcium sulphate. The first reports of the use of Portland cement in dentistry date back to the 19th century when it was used as an endodontic filler.1,2 However, this invention was not taken further until it was re-introduced by Torabinejad in 19933,4 as a root-end filling material5 and for perforation repair.6 This material was called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and, as suggested by the patent, was made up of a mixture of Portland cement and bismuth oxide in a 4:1 proportion. It was the hydraulic nature of Portland cement that initiated the interest in its use in endodontics.
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