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Dental Phototherapy

Low level light therapy (LLLT) for the treatment and management of dental and oral diseases

Michael R Milward Michelle J Holder William M Palin Mohammed A Hadis James D Carroll Paul R Cooper

From Volume 41, Issue 9, November 2014 | Pages 763-772

Authors

Michael R Milward

BDS(Birm), MFGDP(Lond), MFDS RCPS(Glas), FHEA(UK), PhD(Birm)

Senior Lecturer/Honorary Consultant in Periodontology, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham

Articles by Michael R Milward

Michelle J Holder

BSc

Research Technician in Oral Biology, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham

Articles by Michelle J Holder

William M Palin

BMedSc, MPhil, PhD, FADM

Reader in Biomaterials, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham

Articles by William M Palin

Mohammed A Hadis

PhD, BSc

Research Fellow in Biomaterials, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham

Articles by Mohammed A Hadis

James D Carroll

Founder/CEO at THOR Photomedicine Ltd, 18A East Street, Chesham, HP5 1HQ

Articles by James D Carroll

Paul R Cooper

BSc, PhD

Professor of Oral Biology, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK

Articles by Paul R Cooper

Abstract

Abstract: Low Level Light (Laser) Therapy (LLLT) is the direct application of light to stimulate cell and tissue responses (photobiomodulation) to promote healing, reduce inflammation and induce analgesia. Studies have demonstrated its application and efficacy for the treatment of a range of injuries and diseases at many sites within the body. However, its application in dentistry and for oral disease treatment has been limited. This review aims to provide background information on LLLT which relates to its current application in medicine, its mechanism of action and delivery parameters, while considering its potential for dental and oral therapeutic applications.

Clinical Relevance: Low level light therapy has the potential to have substantial impact for the treatment and management of oral diseases and pain.

Article

In 1967, Dr Endre Mester at Semmelweis Medical University in Budapest, Hungary, attempted to determine if the newly developed laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) ‘ray of light’ caused cancer. In his studies, he shaved the hair from the backs of mice and subsequently exposed one group of animals to a low-powered ruby laser while the other unexposed group was used as the control. Instead of the treatment group developing cancer, as he had predicted, the hair on the treated mice grew back more rapidly than in the unexposed animals. This effect was subsequently described as ‘laser biostimulation’ and this work has subsequently underpinned thousands of research papers, and generated significant interest from NASA and the US Navy. At present, this field is generally termed Low Level Laser (or Light) Therapy (LLLT), phototherapy or photobiomodulation. The published data currently aims to describe its mechanism of action, the downstream physiological effects and its clinical benefits as demonstrated in both randomized clinical trials and in systematic reviews.1^,2^,3

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