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Beat Eating Disorder Statistics (Internet) 2017. 2017.
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The oral implications of mental health disorders part 1: eating disorders

From Volume 46, Issue 1, January 2019 | Pages 49-52

Authors

Nisma Patel

BDS, MFDS RCS (Edin), PgCert Med Ed

Specialty Dentist (Oral Surgery), Oral Surgery Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London

Articles by Nisma Patel

Michael Milward

Lecturer in Periodontology and Senior Lecturer in Molecular Biology, Birmingham Dental School, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK

Articles by Michael Milward

Abstract

Abstract: Mental health disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent and it is important that dental professionals have adequate knowledge of these conditions, the impact that they may have on oral health and how they should be managed. This is the first of two articles that discuss mental health disorders that may present in general practice, their oral manifestations and the strategies used in their management. Part 1 focuses on the eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Part 2 will discuss depression and explores the physiological and behavioural changes that can affect oral health.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Eating disorders have many oral manifestations that can be identified in general practice. Improved awareness of the possible signs and symptoms can allow for early diagnosis and management.

Article

Eating disorders are a group of psychopathological conditions that are characterized by irrational eating behaviours. The unhealthy diet choices that are characteristic of the conditions are often adopted to control body weight and shape. The aetiology is thought to be multi-factorial in origin, arising from a combination of biological, psychological and social factors. Eating disorders can reduce quality of life by negatively influencing both physical and emotional well-being.1 In the UK it is currently estimated that up to 1.25 million people have an eating disorder of which 20% become chronically ill.2

The most prevalent eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.2 Each of these conditions has associated oral symptoms, which can develop within six months of onset.1 This highlights the essential role that dental professionals have in recognizing the relevant oral signs and symptoms, thereby identifying individuals that may be suffering with an eating disorder. This may aid early diagnosis by appropriate referral to their medical practitioner to help manage the underlying condition. Table 1 summarizes the oral manifestations associated with these eating disorders.3

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