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Artificial intelligence: what it is and what it can do for dentists Falk Schwendicke Lubaina T Arsiwala-Scheppach Joachim Krois Dental Update 2024 50:4, 707-709.
Authors
FalkSchwendicke
Professor and Head; Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Dentistry and Health Services Research, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
ITU/WHO Focus group AI4Health; Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Dentistry and Health Services Research, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an increasingly relevant topic for dental clinicians, with AI applications entering the clinical arena at a high pace. This article outlines what AI is, how it works, what its application fields are, but also what challenges the profession faces now and in the future. Computer vision, language processing, simulation and precision dentistry are the main fields where AI is, or will be, applied in dentistry. The ability to be generalizable to external data sources, be accurate, useful and easy to explain are the main cornerstones of AI for health applications. Clinicians should be able to appraise AI applications before integrating them in their daily workflow. AI will be useful for synthesizing an increasing amount of data in dentistry, allowing more automated, efficient and precise care. Certain tools will also facilitate patient communication and documentation. Dentists should critically evaluate AI against certain quality criteria and standards.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important to be aware of the applications of artificial intelligence in dentistry.
Article
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a reality – from autonomous driving to face recognition. But what exactly is AI? How do AI applications work? What opportunities, but also what challenges come with the use of AI? In this article, we explain the technological background, showcase applications available to dental professionals today, and describe where AI can be useful, but also which aspects of AI we should critically appraise and further improve.
The term AI was coined in the mid-1950s, although the definition has evolved over time. The English Oxford Living Dictionary defines AI as ‘The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages’ (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/artificial_intelligence). AI encompasses a range of applications, for example computer vision, natural language processing, robotics, virtual reality and simulation systems, and decision support, as detailed below:
The optimism, and also the recent achievements, in the field have been facilitated by three main factors, namely: hardware; software; and data (Table 1). Notably, interest in AI technologies and the belief in its transformative nature have evolved in cycles that are referred to as ‘AI winters’ – periods where AI technologies had first been hyped, and then the hype was replaced by disappointment and disillusionment (Figure 1).
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