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Mental Health Statistics: The Most Common Mental Health Problems (Internet) 2017. https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/statistics/mental-health-statistics-most-common-mental-health-problems (Cited: December 2017)
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The oral implications of mental health disorders part 2: depression

From Volume 46, Issue 2, February 2019 | Pages 119-124

Authors

Nisma Patel

BDS, MFDS RCS (Edin), PgCert Med Ed

Specialty Dentist (Oral Surgery), Oral Surgery Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London

Articles by Nisma Patel

Michael Milward

Lecturer in Periodontology and Senior Lecturer in Molecular Biology, Birmingham Dental School, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK

Articles by Michael Milward

Abstract

Abstract: This is the second of two articles that look at the oral manifestations of mental health disorders. Part 1 focused on eating disorders, covering anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. It explained each condition, common associated habits and explored the possible oral signs and symptoms that may present. Part 2 concentrates on depression and its significant effect on the oral cavity. These articles aim to increase awareness of mental health disorders and highlight the importance of dental practitioners being able to recognize oral signs and symptoms of eating disorders so that appropriate referrals can be made.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Depression is an increasingly common affliction and therefore it is important for dental professionals to recognize the associated oral manifestations. An improved awareness of the condition and possible symptoms can aid diagnosis and appropriate management.

Article

Depression is a common mental health disorder affecting 4−10% of people in England and approximately 300 million people globally.1, 2 It is a psychiatric disorder characterized by low mood and can include feelings of sadness, despair or discouragement. It can often involve loss of interest in usual activities, social withdrawal and somatic symptoms, including sleep and appetite disturbance.3, 4 In order to arrive at a diagnosis of depression, the altered behaviour must persist for a minimum of two weeks.4 Chronic stress is strongly associated with depression, with a possible causal relationship between stressful life events and major depressive episodes. The neurobiology underlying stress and depression is thought to result from molecular and cellular abnormalities that interact with genetic and environmental factors.5 It is essential for dental professionals to understand and recognize the possible oral manifestations of depression. This knowledge can help undiagnosed patients receive an appropriate early referral to a medical practitioner, and will also be of benefit in managing the oral manifestations of this disease.

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