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Background and complications of dermal fillers: the increasing use of non-surgical facial aesthetics in dental practice Tanya Ahmed SJ McCarthy A Cartner RJJ Pilkington RS McCormick Dental Update 2024 49:8, 707-709.
There has been a noticeable increase in the number of patients who present to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) departments for treatment of post-operative complications of dermal fillers and botulinum toxin. These complications are more likely when the treatments are performed by untrained persons or self-administered by patients. Occasionally, these adverse outcomes cannot be avoided, even when products are administered by medically trained professionals. This review includes two cases and discusses some of the key issues surrounding these products so that patients can be informed of the benefits and risks with these types of non-surgical aesthetic procedures and, where possible, reduce the risk of complications occurring.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Appropriate knowledge of facial anatomy and different types of dermal fillers is necessary to reduce the risk of complications associated with injection of these products.
Article
Currently, members of the public can purchase and place most dermal fillers without the need for a prescription or a medical licence because the products are classified as medical devices and not as prescription-only medicines. There is no requirement to be registered to a regulatory body in order to administer fillers, and no minimum qualifications are required. Data are limited on the number of people who self-administer dermal fillers. The increase in reported complications and the lack of regulation are potentially burdens to both patients and health services. Non-surgical facial aesthetics include:
The use of paraffin and Vaseline injections to augment the face dates back to the 1800s. Their use was associated with many complications and so the search for safer, more reliable and biocompatible materials began. In 1893, autologous fat injections were used to correct facial defects, the success of which was variable, relying heavily on adequate training, sterile technique and storage. Silicone use as a permanent facial filler remains controversial owing to the material's ability to migrate and form fistulas. In 1981, bovine collagen was the first agent to be approved for cosmetic injection by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recently hyaluronic acid use has increased in popularity1 due to its skin smoothing and volume-producing effects that can generally last between 6 and 18 months.2
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