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Synovial chondromatosis is a condition in which loose fragments of cartilage develop in the synovial membrane of joints due to metaplasia of the subsynovial connective tissue. The resulting symptoms are similar to those of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Clinical diagnosis can therefore be challenging. Synovial chondromatosis rarely occurs in the TMJ as its predilection is towards larger joints. A systematic review up until June 2010 reported a total 241 cases of TMJ synovial chondromatosis. We present two cases of TMJ synovial chondromatosis seen and treated in our department.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of TMJ synovial chondromatosis can enable patients to receive appropriate management before progression of the condition.
Article
Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a condition in which loose fragments of cartilage develop in the synovial membrane of joints due to metaplasia of the subsynovial connective tissue. The synovial membrane is a soft tissue lining joints. It has a protective characteristic, containing the lubricating agent, synovial fluid.
SC usually presents in large joints, most commonly reported in the knee joint.1 SC of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare,1,2 but not uncommon. A systematic literature review of 246 years, up to June 2010, reported a total of 241 cases of SC of the TMJ.3 SC is a benign condition; however, if left untreated, it can cause extensive destruction that can extend from the TMJ to the skull base in severe cases.
A patient with SC of the TMJ will complain of pain within the affected joint and subsequent dysfunction. Patients may also report any of the following symptoms:2,4
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