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Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents: a clinician's perspective part 2 Ashish Kumar Sujata Surendra Masamatti Mandeep Singh Virdi Dental Update 2024 39:9, 707-709.
Authors
AshishKumar
MDS
Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, PDM Dental College and Research Institute, Sarai Aurangabad, Bahadurgarh, Haryana
The general dental practitioner and paediatric dentist are in a unique position to identify and distinguish between a seemingly innocuous condition that may be a normal physiological aberration or an early sign of severe destructive periodontal disease. Although severe destructive periodontal conditions are uncommon in children, it is essential that children receive a periodontal screening as part of their regular dental examination. Early diagnosis ensures a high likelihood of a successful therapeutic outcome, primarily by reduction of aetiologic factors, remedial therapy and development of an effective maintenance protocol. This prevents the recurrence and progression of disease and reduces the incidence of tooth loss. In the first article, we discussed the classification, plaque-induced and non plaque-induced gingival diseases, localized and generalized forms of chronic as well as aggressive periodontitis. In this second article, we discuss periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease, necrotizing periodontal diseases, periodontal screening and basic periodontal examination, and treatment of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents.
Clinical Relevance: Incorporation of periodontal screening in regular dental examination by dentists can help in early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. This could prevent further progression of disease and reduce the frequency of tooth loss.
Article
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases is classified in Table 1.1
The ‘Not otherwise specified’ category includes diseases like osteoporosis and oestrogen deficiency, which have been shown to affect the periodontium, but data regarding their effect requires confirmation. It was emphasized in the consensus report that other systemic conditions may be added after the evidence is available.
Defects in neutrophil and immune cell function associated with these diseases may play an important role in increased susceptibility to periodontitis and other infections. Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease in children is a rare disease that frequently begins between the times of eruption of the primary teeth up to the age of 5.2,3 In the localized form, affected sites exhibit rapid bone loss and minimal gingival inflammation.2
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