Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res. 2013; 92:592-597 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034513490168
Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018; 89:S74-S84 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0719
Dietrich T, Ower P, Tank M Periodontal diagnosis in the context of the 2017 classification system of periodontal diseases and conditions – implementation in clinical practice. Br Dent J. 2019; 226:16-22 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.3
Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis. The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020; 47:4-60 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13290
Humphrey LL, Fu R, Buckley DI Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2008; 23:2079-2086 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0787-6
Vergnes JN, Sixou M Preterm low birth weight and maternal periodontal status: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 196:135.e1-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.09.028
Delivering better oral health: an evidence-based toolkit for prevention. 2017;
Hasan A, Palmer RM A clinical guide to periodontology: pathology of periodontal disease. Br Dent J. 2014; 216:457-461 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.299
Chapple IL, Van der Weijden F, Doerfer C Primary prevention of periodontitis: managing gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S71-76 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12366
Van Dyke TE, Sheilesh D Risk factors for periodontitis. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2005; 7:3-7
Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Scheutz F, López R Effect of smoking on periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-regression. Am J Prev Med. 2018; 54:831-841 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.014
Tomar SL, Asma S Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Periodontol. 2000; 71:743-751 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.743
van der Weijden GA, de Slegte C, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U Periodontitis in smokers and non-smokers: intra-oral distribution of pockets. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28:955-960 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028010955.x
Zambon JJ, Grossi SG, Machtei EE Cigarette smoking increases the risk for subgingival infection with periodontal pathogens. J Periodontol. 1996; 67:1050-1054 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.10s.1050
Grover HS, Luthra S Molecular mechanisms involved in the bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013; 17:292-301 https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.115642
Zhu M, Nikolajczyk BS Immune cells link obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. J Dent Res. 2014; 93:346-352 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034513518943
Taylor GW Bidirectional interrelationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases: an epidemiologic perspective. Ann Periodontol. 2001; 6:99-112 https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.99
D'Aiuto F, Gkranias N, Bhowruth D Systemic effects of periodontitis treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12 month, single-centre, investigator-masked, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6:954-965 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30038-X
Yonel Z, Cerullo E, Kröger AT, Gray LJ Use of dental practices for the identification of adults with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus or non-diabetic hyperglycaemia: a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2020; 37:1443-1453 https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14324
Estrich CG, Araujo MWB, Lipman RD Prediabetes and diabetes screening in dental care settings: NHANES 2013 to 2016. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2019; 4:76-85 https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084418798818
Tonetti MS, Van Dyke TE Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2013; 40:S24-29 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12089
de Pablo P, Chapple IL, Buckley CD, Dietrich T Periodontitis in systemic rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009; 5:218-224 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2009.28
Yonel Z, Batt J, Jane R The role of the oral healthcare team in identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2020; 7:87-97 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-020-00250-w
Gargiulo AW, Wentz FM, Orban B Dimensions and relations of the dentogingival junction in humans. J Periodontol. 1961; 32:261-267 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1961.32.3.261
Van der Weijden FA, Slot DE Efficacy of homecare regimens for mechanical plaque removal in managing gingivitis a meta review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S77-91 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12359
Kelleher M, Ower P Selfies − an effective communication aid to solve periodontal and implant diseases. Dent Update. 2019; 46:12-22
Ximénez-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD, Som S The effect of repeated professional supragingival plaque removal on the composition of the supra- and subgingival microbiota. J Clin Periodontol. 2000; 27:637-647 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027009637.x
Step 1 for the treatment of periodontal diseases Angeline Keh Zehra Yonel Dental Update 2024 51:5, 707-709.
Authors
AngelineKeh
BDS, MFDS RCS (Eng)
Periodontology Specialist Trainee, Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London
The association between periodontitis and the dysbiotic biofilm necessitates that patients maintain excellent oral hygiene. Therefore, step 1 of the UK clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of periodontal diseases is aimed at behaviour change and motivation in successful removal of the supragingival dental biofilm and risk-factor control, which involves all the health behavioural change interventions that mitigate recognized risk factors for periodontitis onset and progression (smoking cessation, diabetes management). Step 1 should be tailored for the patient throughout the treatment journey and jointly with clinical findings and medical history.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Step 1 lays the groundwork when progressing through ensuing steps of treatment and can affect response to any periodontal therapy.
Article
A key finding from the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey was that only 17% of dentate adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland had very healthy periodontal tissues and no periodontal disease (no bleeding on probing (BOP), no calculus and no periodontal pockets of >4 mm).1 Marcenes et al highlighted that severe periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent condition, affecting 11.2% globally.2 This broadly aligns with the World Health Organization (WHO), which suggested a global prevalence of periodontitis of 19%.3
Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial non-communicable disease characterized by inflammation of the oral tissues, and associated with dysbiotic dental plaque biofilms. According to the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions defined in the 2017 World Workshop,4 there are broadly three categories of plaque-related periodontal conditions:
Following the world workshop, the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) guidelines were produced, and shortly thereafter the UK implementation of the EFP guidelines was published, in which management of periodontal diseases within the UK healthcare context was outlined.
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Dental Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:
