Looseness of dentures is a common complaint and can cause patients embarrassment and distress. Looseness is often associated with ill-fitting dentures, but some patients with technically excellent dentures may complain of looseness as a result of, for example, severely resorbed alveolar ridges, lack of saliva or poor adaptive ability. Recommendations for effective use of denture adhesive that can be given to patients by the dental team are provided.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: The dental team needs to explain effective approaches to the use of denture adhesives to patients. Written information can help to reinforce best practice.
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Looseness of dentures can cause patients great embarrassment and distress. Looseness is often a result of ill-fitting dentures, but some patients have great difficulties controlling dentures that are technically excellent. Severely resorbed alveolar ridges and lack of saliva contribute to dentures being loose and lead to difficulty in keeping dentures in place. Even patients with good alveolar ridges and technically excellent dentures may complain of looseness because of poor adaptive ability.
Denture adhesives are widely available in supermarkets, pharmacies and online in a variety of forms and formulations (Figure 1). Denture adhesives have potential benefits but also potential adverse effects. It is important that the dental team can provide patients with advice on their correct use.
This article describes denture adhesives and discusses recommendations for their use that can be made to patients by the dental team.
Denture adhesives can be considered in two broad groups:
The first group includes creams, pastes and powders that are applied to the fitting surface of the denture. The adhesives adsorb water and produce a layer that obliterates space between denture and mucosa. The effectiveness of the adhesive is related to the viscosity of the layer. If the adhesive layer is too thick, this may reduce the efficiency of the adhesion. Cream adhesives become uniformly distributed over the denture more readily than powders. Adhesives are dissolved or washed away by saliva and have a limited period of effectiveness.
The second group of denture adhesives includes products supplied in sheets or strips. Preformed sheets act by improving the fit of the denture in a manner similar to a reline material. Strips provide areas of adhesive contact with the mucosa. The dental profession has had reservations about these types of adhesives since they are believed to be capable of causing accelerated alveolar resorption. Mini-strips were produced that could be applied to the denture base in selected, strategic positions. These are no longer manufactured.
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