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Management of enamel defects: a case report of identical twins with enamel defects of the permanent dentition

From Volume 44, Issue 11, December 2017 | Pages 1049-1056

Authors

James Chesterman

Restorative Department, Leeds Dental Institute, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

Articles by James Chesterman

Kathryn Durey

BDS, MFDS, MSc ClinDent(Rest), FDS (Rest Dent)

Consultant in Restorative Dentisty, Restorative Department, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK

Articles by Kathryn Durey

Abstract

Abstract: Enamel defects have a wide range of aetiology and can be challenging to diagnose. Largely, the management of enamel defects is determined by the severity. As most patients with enamel defects present at a young age, conservative treatment is a priority. Nevertheless, indirect restorations have a role in restoring severely broken down teeth. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of identical twins with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Many of the techniques discussed can be applied to a wide presentation of enamel defects and are not limited to the management of MIH.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The restorative management of enamel defects can be challenging but priority should be given to conservative treatment techniques for young patients.

Article

Enamel development may be affected by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. These factors can result in defects of enamel structure (hypoplasia) or composition (hypomineralization) (Table 1). Clinical presentation often involves a combination of hypoplasia and hypomineralization which may be present in varying degrees of severity across the dentition.

Diagnosis of these defects is often challenging and requires a thorough history, clinical and radiographic assessment. The differential diagnoses of enamel defects are described in Table 2.

Cases 1 and 2 show the dentition of identical twins with enamel defects (Figures 1 and 3). No aetiological factors were identified in the history taken from the patients or their mother.

The white mottling, brown staining and heavily broken down mandibular molars represent an array of enamel defects including molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), chronological hypoplasia and amelogenesis imperfecta (Table 2). Specifically, there are hypomineralized patches, pitting and severely broken down first molars.

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