There are numerous treatment approaches which have been suggested in the literature and are categorized into the following methods: behavioural, pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Importantly,...

In order to understand the underlying aetiology of the gagging response, we must first look at how it is initiated. This is an inborn defence mechanism which is controlled by the parasympathetic...

A 58-year-old, fit and well male presented with fractured upper front teeth, which had occurred approximately one year previously. These were artificial teeth, as part of a bridge structure, which had...

This was a medically fit and well 62-year-old female patient. She was complaining of symptoms from the lower right side, ‘somewhere’ at the back of the mouth, with extreme sensitivity to cold and heat...

This article will not consider the different factors influencing the prognosis or recommended protocols related to performing the endodontic procedure, as this has already been extensively covered in...

The topic of occlusion is an area which may be confusing, however, this is an important issue which cannot be ignored. Pathological occlusal contacts can be associated with a wide range of clinical...