The goal of primary prevention is to protect healthy people from developing cancer. Primary prevention is by far the most ideal approach; strategies include education of the public, high-risk...

Survival rates for mouth and oropharyngeal cancers have risen slightly over the last 20 years. The best outcome for overall 5-year survival rates for treated oral cancers is over 90% for lip cancer....

Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. However, these agents also damage other rapidly-dividing cells, especially in epithelia and haematopoietic tissue, and...

Radiotherapy alone is used to treat some types of mouth and oropharyngeal cancers. RT is an extremely effective treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), sometimes as a primary modality or as...

Surgery and radiation are the only definitive treatment modalities for both early and locally advanced mouth cancer. Surgical resection, wherein the tumour is completely removed with uninvolved...

Coping with a diagnosis of cancer, both practically and emotionally, is taxing for all concerned. Patients are likely to feel very upset, frightened, confused and out of control. They need support. It...

Generally speaking, the earlier a cancer is found and treated, the better the outcome is likely to be with lesser adverse treatment sequelae. In general, cancer prognosis decreases with advanced...

Clinical diagnosis of an early cancer can be quite straightforward if the clinician has adequate level of awareness and suspicion, but potentally malignant disorders (PMDs) that are likely to...

Some mouth cancers are preceded by clinically obvious potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). There is a range of PMDs known but the most important recognized are erythroplakia (erythroplasia),...

The cause of cancer in most people is still unknown but risk depends on a combination of genes, environment and aspects of our lives (Article 1). It is impossible to control some mouth cancer risk...

Alcohol is a depressant. A small amount depresses anxiety and inhibitions and can make the user feel sociable and talkative; too much and a hangover may result, and the person may not even remember...

The cause of cancer in most people is unclear but risk depends on a combination of genes, environment and aspects of living (Figure 2)..

Oral and oropharyngeal cancers together are the sixth leading cancer in the world, with a wide geographical variation, although two-thirds of the cases occur in resource-poor countries, such as...

The word tumour in Latin means a swelling but a tumour or swelling is not always a cancer. Some tumours may be caused by inflammation, infections, cysts or fluid-filled lesions or be due to new...

Surgery was the original treatment developed for oral cancer. It is still widely carried out, in order to achieve more than one of the following goals..