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An unusual extranodal presentation of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the upper lip Rachel B Taute Jennifer Wylie Lachlan Carter Dental Update 2025 42:5, 473-475.
Authors
Rachel BTaute
MBChB, BChD, MFDS RCS(Ed)
Clinical Fellow, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a peak incidence in South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. A significant number of patients in the UK are affected. Extra-pulmonary TB presentation varies, and includes head and neck manifestations that can present on routine examination in the dental practice setting. We report an unusual case of extra-nodal TB in the upper lip, and provide some guidance to general dental practitioners on the presenting features of such lesions, and what to refer for further investigation where TB is included in the differential diagnosis.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report highlights important factors in TB diagnosis, with particular emphasis on presenting features relevant to general dental practitioners, and informs on the accepted and current treatment regimen.
Article
Tuberculosis (TB) ranks among the ten principal causes of death and disability worldwide.1 According to the World Health Organization, one-third of the world's population has been infected. Approximately eight million people contract the disease annually, and two to three million deaths occur every year due to TB.2 In the United Kingdom, it is a notifiable disease.
TB disproportionately affects poor people, mostly in the developing world where HIV infection increases the likelihood of contracting the disease. In developed countries, the rates of TB have fallen over the past 80 years, mainly due to the development of effective treatments, active case findings and the BCG vaccine. Recently, however, there has been a slowing decline in TB incidence,3 particularly visible in high-risk groups, such as immigrants, patients with HIV infection, those with poor general health, and patients living in areas of social disruption.
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