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Wound healing is a fundamental survival mechanism, largely taken for granted. It consists of four intricately tuned phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. Successful wound healing only occurs if each phase occurs in the correct sequence and timeframe. Moreover, the oral cavity serves as a unique and remarkable setting whereby wound healing takes place in a saliva-filled environment containing millions of micro-organisms. Many local and systemic factors can impair oral wound healing. This article provides an overview of the wound healing process, with a discussion of these respective local and systemic factors, along with the potential cellular and/or molecular mechanisms involved.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: On a daily basis, dentists perform procedures such as exodontia and implant placement that rely on adequate wound healing. An improved understanding of the local and systemic factors that can impair oral wound healing can help clinicians to control these factors more accurately, resulting in improved patient outcomes.
Article
Wound healing is an intricately tuned sequence of overlapping processes, serving to protect the body.1 This physiological process must adhere to a strict sequence, timeline and operate at an ideal intensity for a given duration.2 Multiple factors can interfere with one or more of the phases of wound healing, thereby resulting in impaired bone and soft tissue healing. Moreover, the oral cavity serves as a unique and remarkable setting whereby wound healing takes place in a saliva-filled environment containing a plethora of micro-organisms.
Oral surgery usually involves both bone and soft tissues. The modes of recovery of these respective tissues differ.
The dynamic process of wound healing constitutes four accurately programmed stages, each with specific biophysiological functions (Table 1).3
Table 3 summarizes cellular and physiological events across the healing process.
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