Angle EHPhiladelphia: White Dental Manufacturing Company; 1907
Postlethwaite K The range and effectiveness of safety headgear products. Eur J Orthod. 1989; 11:228-234
Samuels R, O'Neill J, Bhavra G, Hills D, Thomas P, Hug H A clinical evaluation of a locking orthodontic facebow. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000; 117:344-350
Graber LW Chin cup therapy for mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod. 1977; 72:23-41
Baek S-H, Kim K-W, Choi J-Y New treatment modality for maxillary hypoplasia in cleft patients. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80:783-791
Delaire J Maxillary development revisited: relevance to the orthopaedic treatment of Class III malocclusions. Eur J Orthod. 1997; 19:289-311
Brandão M, Pinho HS, Urias D Clinical and quantitative assessment of headgear compliance: a pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 129:239-244
Cureton SL, Regennitter FJ, Yancey JM The role of the headgear calendar in headgear compliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993; 104:387-394
Kuroda S, Yamada K, Deguchi T, Kyung H-M, Takano-Yamamoto T Class II malocclusion treated with miniscrew anchorage: comparison with traditional orthodontic mechanics outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 135:302-309
Bowden DE Theoretical considerations of headgear therapy: a literature review. 2. Clinical response and usage. Br J Orthod. 1978; 5:173-181
Taner TU, Yukay F, Pehlivanoglu M, Çakırer B A comparative analysis of maxillary tooth movement produced by cervical headgear and pend-X appliance. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73:686-691
Tanne K, Matsubara S, Sakuda M Stress distributions in the maxillary complex from orthopedic headgear forces. Angle Orthod. 1993; 63:111-118
Tortop T, Yüksel S Treatment and posttreatment changes with combined headgear therapy. Angle Orthod. 2007; 77:857-863
Atherton G, Glenny A-M, O'Brien K Development and use of a taxonomy to carry out a systematic review of the literature on methods described to effect distal movement of maxillary molars. J Orthod. 2002; 29:211-216
Firouz M, Zernik J, Nanda R Dental and orthopedic effects of high-pull headgear in treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992; 102:197-205
Melsen B, Dalstra M Distal molar movement with Kloehn headgear: is it stable?. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123:374-378
Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM, 4th edn. St Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2006
Leonardi M, Armi P, Franchi L, Baccetti T Two interceptive approaches to palatally displaced canines: a prospective longitudinal study. Angle Orthod. 2004; 74:581-586
Parkin N, Furness S, Shah A, Thind B, Marshman Z, Glenroy G Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 12
Kurol J, Bjerklin K Treatment of children with ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar by cervical traction. Am J Orthod. 1984; 86:483-492
Perez CA, de Alba JA, Caputo AA, Chaconas SJ Canine retraction with J hook headgear. Am J Orthod. 1980; 78:538-547
Holmes A, Nashed R, O'Keeffe C The correction of dental centre line discrepancies using an edgewise appliance. J Orthod. 1989; 16:271-276
Hershey HG, Houghton C, Burstone CJ Unilateral face-bows: a theoretical and laboratory analysis. Am J Orthod. 1981; 79:229-249
Brosh T, Portal S, Sarne O, Vardimon AD Unequal outer and inner bow configurations: comparing 2 asymmetric headgear systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005; 128:68-75
Jacobson A A key to the understanding of extraoral forces. Am J Orthod. 1979; 75:361-386
Martina R, Viglione G, Teti R Experimental force determination in asymmetric face-bows. Eur J Orthod. 1988; 10:72-75
Keeling SD, Wheeler TT, King GJ, Garvan CW, Cohen DA, Cabassa S Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 113:40-50
Tulloch JFC, Phillips C, Koch G, Proffit WR The effect of early intervention on skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997; 111:391-400
Tulloch J, Phillips C, Proffit WR Benefit of early Class II treatment: progress report of a two-phase randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 113:62-74
Mandall N, DiBiase A, Littlewood S, Nute S, Stivaros N, McDowall R Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 15-month follow-up. J Orthod. 2010; 37:149-161
Mandall N, Cousley R, DiBiase A, Dyer F, Littlewood S, Mattick R Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up. J Orthod. 2012; 39:176-185
Masucci C, Franchi L, Defraia E, Mucedero M, Cozza P, Baccetti T Stability of rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy: a long-term controlled study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 140:493-500
Watkinson S, Harrison J, Furness S, Worthington H Treatment for prominent lower front teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 9
Parkin NA, McKeown HF, Sandler PJ Comparison of 2 modifications of the Twin-block appliance in matched Class II samples. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001; 119:572-577
Lentini-Oliveira D, Carvalho F, Qingsong YE, Junjie L, Saconato H, Machado M Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; 2
Bowden DE Theoretical considerations of headgear therapy: a literature review. 2. Clinical response and usage. Br J Orthod. 1978; 5:173-181
Poulton DR The influence of extraoral traction. Am J Orthod. 1967; 53:8-18
Barton JJ High-pull headgear versus cervical traction: a cephalometric comparison. Am J Orthod. 1972; 62:517-529
Wieslander L, Tandläkare L The effect of orthodontic treatment on the concurrent development of the craniofacial complex. Am J Orthod. 1963; 49:15-27
Turner P Extra-oral traction. Dent Update. 1991; 18:197-203
Baccetti T, McGill JS, Franchi L, McNamara JA, Tollaro I Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 113:333-343
Ngan P, Hägg U, Yiu C, Merwin D, Wei SH Soft tissue and dentoskeletal profile changes associated with maxillary expansion and protraction headgear treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109:38-49
Deguchi T, Kuroda T, Minoshima Y, Graber TM Craniofacial features of patients with Class III abnormalities: growth-related changes and effects of short-term and long-term chincup therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002; 121:84-92
Abdelnaby YL, Nassar EA Chin cup effects using two different force magnitudes in the management of Class III malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80:957-962
Yoshida N, Jost-Brinkmann P-G, Yamada Y Initial tooth movement under extraoral force and considerations for controlled molar movement. Angle Orthod. 1995; 65:199-208
Deguchi T, Murakami T, Kuroda S, Yabuuchi T, Kamioka H, Takano-Yamamoto T Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133:654-660
Samuels RH, Willner F, Knox J, Jones ML A national survey of orthodontic facebow injuries in the UK and Eire. Br J Orthod. 1996; 23:11-20
Holland GN, Wallace DA, Mondino BJ, Cole SH, Ryan SJ Severe ocular injuries from headgear. Am J Orthod. 1986; 89
British Orthodontics Society.
Kerosuo HM, Dahl JE Adverse patient reactions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007; 132:789-795
Travess H, Roberts-Harry D, Sandy J Orthodontics. Part 6: Risks in orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod. 2004; 196:71-77
Rahilly G, Price N Current products and practice nickel allergy and orthodontics. J Orthod. 2003; 30:171-174
Extra-oral appliances are used in orthodontics to apply forces to the jaws, dentition or both and the popularity of these appliances is cyclical. Although the use of retraction headgear for the management of Class II malocclusion has declined over the last 20 years with the refinement of non-compliance approaches, including temporary anchorage devices, headgear still has a useful role in orthodontics. The use of protraction headgear has increased as more evidence of its effectiveness for the treatment of Class III malocclusion has become available. This paper describes the mechanics and contemporary uses of headgear in orthodontics for primary care dentists and specialist orthodontists.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Extra-oral appliances have specific uses in orthodontic biomechanics. Clinicians using retraction headgear and protraction headgear should be familiar with their clinical indications, the potential problems and how these can be avoided.
Article
Extra-oral forces used in orthodontic treatment require the use of headgear. After the introduction of retraction headgear by Norman W Kingsley in the late 1800s, headgear use increased with the popularization of the first generation of fixed appliances and retraction headgear by Edward H Angle. Retraction headgear use reduced dramatically in the 1920s with the introduction of intra-oral elastics as these were believed to provide equivalent forces.1 In the 1940s, the increasing use of cephalometric radiography in orthodontics led to concerns about the adverse effects of intra-oral elastic traction, including proclination of lower incisors and retroclination of upper incisors. As a result, headgear use increased again. Although the use of retraction headgear has declined steadily with the introduction of the non-compliance fixed appliance, distalizing appliances, including the pendulum appliance, lip bumper appliances and temporary anchorage devices (TADs), headgear remains the standard for anchorage reinforcement and maxillary arch distalization. Enthusiasm is increasing for the use of protraction headgear for the treatment of Class III malocclusion and patients affected by hypodontia where space closure may result in a reverse overjet.
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Dental Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:
