Andreasson JO. The impacted premolar. In: Andreasen JO, Petersen JK, Laskin DM (eds). Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1997
Burch J, Ngan P, Hackman A. Diagnosis and treatment planning for unerupted premolars. Pediatr Dent. 1994; 16:89-95
Jain U, Kallury A. Conservative management of mandibular second premolar impaction. J Sci Res. 2011; 4:59-61
Frank CA. Treatment options for impacted teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000; 131:623-632
Berkovitz BKB, Holland GR, Moxham BJ. Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, 4th edn. : Mosby; 2009
Khalaf K, Miskelly J, Voge E, Macfarlane TV. Prevalence of hypodontia and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthod. 2014; 41:299-316
Arai Y, Tammisalo E, Iwai K Development of a compact computed tomographic apparatus for dental use. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1999; 28:245-248
Arikan V, Kizilci E, Ozalp N, Ozcelik B. Effects of fixed and removable space maintainers on plaque accumulation, periodontal health, candidal and Enterococcus faecalis carriage. Med Princ Pract. 2015; 24:311-317
Bjerklin K, Bennett J. The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars. Eur J Orthod. 2000; 22:245-255
Parkin N, Benson PE, Thind B Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006966.pub3
Tolstunov L. Implant zones of the jaws: implant location and related success rate. J Oral Implantol. 2007; 33:211-220
Jambi S, Walsh T, Sandler J Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005098.pub3
Patel S, Fanshawe T, Bister D, Cobourne M. Survival and success of maxillary canine autotransplantation: a retrospective investigation. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 33:298-304
Czochrowska EM, Stenvik A, Bjercke B, Zachrisson BU. Outcome of tooth transplantation: survival and success rates 17–41 years posttreatment. Am J Orthod. 2002; 121:110-119
Slagsvold O, Bjercke B. Autotransplantation of premolars with partly formed roots: a radiographic study of root growth. Am J Orthod. 1974; 66:355-366
Stange KM, Lindsten R, Bjerklin K. Autotransplantation of premolars to the maxillary incisor region: a long-term follow-up of 12–22 years. Eur J Orthod. 2015; 38:508-515
Second premolars are the third most likely teeth to be affected by impaction after third molar and maxillary canine teeth. Although the presence of an impacted second premolar is relatively common, and is a situation that often presents to general dentists in practice, there is relatively little published regarding this topic. Knowledge of this condition is essential for all those involved with the management of these cases. This article explores the aetiology, assessment and treatment options available to manage this condition, using examples from cases treated within our department.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: An understanding of the aetiology, assessment and various treatment options available to manage impacted second premolars will inform better treatment planning.
Article
An impacted tooth is one that is prevented from erupting in its normal functional position by bone, other teeth or fibrous tissue.1 Premolars are the third most likely teeth to be affected by impaction after third molar and maxillary canine teeth.2 The incidence of impaction among premolars is thought to be around 0.5%. Among premolars, mandibular second premolars are thought to have the highest prevalence of impaction, comprising almost a quarter of all impactions, excluding third molars.3,4 The precise aetiology of this condition is often unknown; however, a number of local and systemic factors have been associated with unerupted second premolars (Table 1).
This paper explores the aetiology, assessment and treatment options available to manage this condition, using examples to highlight the management of unerupted second premolars.
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Dental Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:
