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Husain J, Burden D, McSherry P.: The Royal College of Surgeons of England, Faculty of Dental Surgery Clinical Guidelines; 2010
Canine impactions are frequently encountered, occurring in 1.7% of the population. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance on the assessment and management of cases which present in general dental practice. Canine position is considered in four categories; canine overlap with adjacent incisor, vertical canine height, angulation to midline and position of canine root apex. Good, average and poor prognostic outcomes are considered for each category and a brief outline of their management is included.
Clinical Relevance: Canine impactions frequently present during routine examination. Appropriate recognition, investigation and referral, if necessary, are paramount to successful treatment.
Article
Treatment of impacted maxillary canines is a common challenge faced by dental professionals in daily practice. According to Mead, an impacted tooth is one that is prevented from erupting into position because of malposition, lack of space or other impediments.1 After lower third molars, maxillary canines are the most frequently impacted teeth.2 The incidence of ectopic canine eruption has been shown by Ericson and Kurol to be 1.7%.3 According to the literature, 85% of canine impactions occur palatally and 15% buccally.4 Impacted maxillary canines have been shown to occur twice as commonly in females as males.5 Dachi and Howell also showed that the majority of impactions of maxillary canines are unilateral at 92%, and only 8% are bilateral.5 The canine has a long root and good bony support, which is advantageous in lateral excursions, and it serves as an excellent abutment for fixed and removable prostheses. For these reasons, the canine is often referred to as the ‘corner stone of the maxillary arch’. An absent canine poses aesthetic and functional problems and should be avoided at all costs.
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