Pitts N, Chadwick B, Anderson T. Child Dental Health Survey. Report 2.: Department of Health; 2013
Smith MC, Lantz EM, Smith HV. The cause of mottled enamel. Science. 1931; 74:(1914)
Black GV. Mottled teeth: an endemic developmental imperfection of the enamel of the teeth heretofore unknown in the literature of dentistry. 1916;
Chankanka O, Levy SM, Warren JJ, Chalmers JM. A literature review of aesthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis and relationships with psychosocial aspects/oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010; 38:97-109
Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.St Louis, USA: Saunders; 2015
Marshman Z, Rodd HD. The Psychosocial Impacts of Developmental Enamel Defects in Children and Young People. Planning and Care for Children and Adolescents with Dental Enamel Defects.Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2015
Dean T. Classification of mottled enamel diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1934; 21:1421-1426
Holloway PJ, Ellwood RP. The prevalence, causes and cosmetic importance of dental fluorosis in the United Kingdom: a review. Community Dent Health. 1997; 14:148-155
Pini NIP, Sundfeld-Neto D, Aguiar FHB, Sundfeld RH, Martins LRM, Lovadino JR Enamel microabrasion: an overview of clinical and scientific considerations. World J Clin Cases. 2015; 3:34-41
Rodrigues MC, Mondelli RFL, Oliveira GU, Franco EB, Baseggio W, Wang L Minimal alterations on the enamel surface by micro-abrasion: in vitro roughness and wear assessments. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013; 21:112-117
Sundfeld RH, Croll TP, Briso ALF, de Alexandre RS, Sundfeld Neto D. Considerations about enamel microabrasion after 18 years. Am J Dent. 2007; 20:67-72
Gugnani N, Pandit IK, Gupta M, Gugnani S, Soni S, Goyal V. Comparative evaluation of esthetic changes in nonpitted fluorosis stains when treated with resin infiltration, in-office bleaching, and combination therapies. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2017; 29:317-324
Gugnani N, Pandit IK, Goyal V, Gugnani S, Sharma J, Dogra S. Esthetic improvement of white spot lesions and non-pitted fluorosis using resin infiltration technique: series of four clinical cases. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2014; 32:176-180
Gupta A, Dhingra R, Chaudhuri P, Gupta A. A comparison of various minimally invasive techniques for the removal of dental fluorosis stains in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2017; 35:260-268
Wallace A, Deery C. Management of opacities in children and adolescents. Dent Update. 2015; 42:951-958
Kamp AA. Removal of white spot lesions by controlled acid-pumice abrasion. J Clin Orthod. 1989; 23:690-693
Balan B, Madanda Uthaiah C, Narayanan S, Mookalamada Monnappa P. Microabrasion: an effective method for improvement of esthetics in dentistry. Case Rep Dent. 2013; 2013
Castro KS, Clá Udia De Araú A, Ferreira J, Ngela R, Duarte M, Bio F Acceptability, efficacy and safety of two treatment protocols for dental fluorosis: a randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2014; 42:938-944
Rogers HJ, Yesudian G, Rodd HD. Unusual extrinsic staining following microabrasion in a girl with amelogenesis imperfecta. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2016; 17:271-275
Ashkenazi M, Sarnat H. Microabrasion of teeth with discoloration resembling hypomaturation enamel defects: four-year follow up. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2000; 25:29-34
Azer SS, Hague AL, Johnston WM. Effect of bleaching on tooth discolouration from food colourant in vitro. J Dent. 2011; 39:e52-56
Karadas M, Seven N. The effect of different drinks on tooth color after home bleaching. Eur J Dent. 2014; 8:249-253
Boushell LW, Ritter AV, Garland GE, Tiwana KK, Smith LR, Broome A Nightguard vital bleaching: side effects and patient satisfaction 10 to 17 years post-treatment. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2012; 24:211-219
Marked extrinsic staining following microabrasion: a case report of a boy with dental fluorosis Nikolaos N Lygidakis Kathryn Harley Dental Update 2024 46:5, 707-709.
Authors
Nikolaos NLygidakis
BDS, DDent, MJDF, MPaedDent
Postgraduate in Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Hospital, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
A 12-year-old boy, born and raised in Iran, presented with dental fluorosis affecting all his teeth. The defects were predominantly opaque white in appearance with brown opacities on the maxillary central incisors. The treatment plan entailed microabrasion of the maxillary central incisors followed by vital bleaching, if required. Despite providing post-operative instructions, the patient had a drink containing turmeric later that day. He subsequently presented with yellow staining of his maxillary central incisors. A further course of microabrasion as well as vital bleaching provided a satisfactory final result. The teeth remained unchanged in a two-month review appointment.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case presents a rare complication following microabrasion for dental fluorosis which occurred because post-operative instructions were not followed.
Article
Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are a common anomaly seen in teeth, with a prevalence of approximately 28% in 12-year-old children in the UK.1 One of the most common DDEs is dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis is defined as hypomineralization of enamel resulting from an excessive intake of fluoride during tooth development.2
It is well documented that fluoride can have a beneficial impact on the dentition, with evidence going back to the early 1900s.3 The benefit comes primarily from the topical application of fluoride after the teeth have erupted by enhancing remineralization of the enamel and reducing the potential for demineralization following acid attacks. However, systemic absorption during tooth development leading to dental fluorosis is one of the most common dental anomalies. It is characterized by the presence of diffuse, thin, horizontal white striations and stained plaque areas.4 More severe cases may present with discoloration of enamel ranging from light yellow to dark brown, with associated pitting.5
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Dental Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:
