An electrosurgery unit consists of the current generator, active electrode, passive electrode (the ground plate that must be in close contact with the patient's body) and foot control, which activates...

A 15-year-old boy attended accident and emergency (A&E) reporting a 3-day history of fever, myalgia, vomiting, photophobia, and headaches. He had an otherwise unremarkable medical history. The initial...

It has been shown that second primary molars tend to have more occlusal surface caries than first, but first primary molars experience more proximal caries than their distal neighbours.8 Visual caries...

A 47-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of severe constant toothache in the upper left quadrant. On examination nothing remarkable was found. An orthopantomogram (OPT) was taken, which showed...

The two broad categories of sealant materials are GICs and CRs. Other novel materials such as glass carbomers (a novel glass ionomer material containing fluorapatite with nanosize particles) and...

Enamel defects can occur following disruption to amelogenesis in the late secretory or early maturation phase of dental development. Trauma to the tooth germ during this window of development can...

The association between pathological GORD and its extra-oesophageal manifestations is increasingly well established (Figure 1). In addition, the physiological GOR and GORD continuum can lead to...

Cystic lesions are uncommon and generally indolent in children. They are usually detected on routine radiological surveillance by dental practitioners. In children, developmental cysts, such as...

A maxillary midline diastema (MMD) can be defined as a space of greater than 0.5 mm between the proximal surfaces of two adjacent central incisors,15 and it is often observed in children as part of...

The prevalence of tooth wear in children is high, with the 2013 Child Dental Health Survey finding more than 50% of 5 year olds had signs of tooth wear and nearly 40% of 15 year olds.2 Around 4% of 15...

An effort should continue to be made among the dental profession to request radiographs on a patient-specific, indication-orientated basis. However, it is recognized that caries is prevalent among...

Numerous local and systemic factors have been linked with delayed and failed tooth eruption. Local causes are the most common and include impaction due to supernumerary teeth, mucosal barriers, scar...

Several theories of the aetiology of PEIR have been proposed; however, it remains poorly understood.5 Earlier literature refers to these lesions as ‘pre-eruptive caries’, as they were deemed to...

The guardian of the 12-year-old boy contacted the children's dental emergency telephone clinic, after an alleged assault, which had occurred 2 days prior. It was reported that the boy had been hit by...