Abstract
Prevention of periodontitis may be primary or secondary. This article summarizes the key steps involved, with a focus on oral hygiene practices, risk factor control, professional mechanical plaque removal and supportive periodontal therapy.
References
Baehni P, Tonetti MS. Conclusions and consensus statements on periodontal health, policy and education in Europe: a call for Periodontology on effective prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Consensus report of the 1st European Workshop on Periodontal Education. Eur J Dent Educ. 2010; 14:2-3
Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990–2010: a systematic review and meta-regression. J Dent Res. 2014; 93:1045-1053
Tonetti MS, Eickholz P, Loos BG, Papapanou P Principles in the prevention of periodontal diseases. Consensus report of group 1 of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology on effective prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S5-S11
Chapple ILC, Weijden FV, Doerfer C, Herrera D Primary prevention of periodontitis: managing gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S71-76
Serrano J, Escribano M, Roldán S, Martín C Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:(Suppl. 16)S106-S138
Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple ILC Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis – The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020; 47:4-60
Petersen PE, Ogawa H. The global burden of periodontal disease: towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control. Periodontology 2000. 60:15-39
Newton TJ, Asimakopoulou K. Managing oral hygiene as a risk factor for periodontal disease: a systematic review of psychological approaches to behavioural change for improved plaque control in periodontal management. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S36-46
Ramseier CA, Suvan JE. Behaviour change counselling for tobacco use cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles. A systemic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S47-58
Carr AB, Ebbert J. Interventions for tobacco cessation in the dental setting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 6
Fiore M, Jaén CR, Baker TB, Bailey WC Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical Practice Guideline Panel.Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service;
Stead LF, Lancaster T. Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;
Barnfather KDP, Cope GF, Chapple ILC. Effect of incorporating a 10 minute point of care test for salivary nicotine metabolites into a general practice based smoking cessation programme: randomised controlled trial. Br Med J. 2005; 331:999-1001
Sharma P. An update on the links between periodontal health and general health. Prim Dent J. 2019; 8:22-27
Chávarry NGM, Vettore MV, Sansone C, Sheiham A The relationship between diabetes mellitus and destructive periodontal disease: a meta-analysis. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2009; 7:107-127
Mealey BL, Ocampo GL. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2007; 44:127-153
Commissioning Standard. Dental Care for People with Diabetes – NHS England and NHS Improvement. 2019. http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/commissioning-standard-dental-care-for-people.pdf (accessed November 2020)
Ramseier CA, Woelber JP, Kitzmann J, Detzen L Impact of risk factor control interventions for smoking cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles in patients with periodontitis: A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2020; 47:90-106
Peruzzo DC, Benatti BB, Ambrosano GMB, Nogueira-Filho GR A systematic review of stress and psychological factors as possible risk factors for periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2007; 78:1491-504
Bertoldi C, Venuta M, Guaraldi G, Lalla M Are periodontal outcomes affected by personality patterns? an 18-month follow-up study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2018; 76:48-57
Elter JR, White BA, Gaynes BN, Bader JD. Relationship of clinical depression to periodontal treatment outcome. J Periodontol. 2002; 73:441-449
Needleman I, Nibali L, Di Iorio A. Professional mechanical plaque removal for prevention of periodontal diseases in adults – systematic review update. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:(Suppl. 16)S12-S35
Sanz M, Bäumer A, Buduneli N, Dommisch H Effect of professional mechanical plaque removal on secondary prevention of periodontitis and the complications of gingival and periodontal preventive measures. Consensus report of group 4 of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology on effective prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S214-S220
Trombelli L, Franceschetti G, Farina R. Effect of professional mechanical plaque removal performed on a long-term, routine basis in the secondary prevention of periodontitis. A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015; 42:S221-236
Chambrone L, Chambrone D, Lima LA, Chambrone LA. Predictors of tooth loss during long-term periodontal maintenance: a systematic review of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2010; 37:675-684
Löe H, Anerud A, Boysen H, Morrison E. Natural history of periodontal disease in man. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in Sri Lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age. J Clin Periodontol. 1986; 13:431-445
Rosling B, Serino G, Hellström MK, Socransky SS Longitudinal periodontal tissue alterations during supportive therapy. Findings from subjects with normal and high susceptibility to periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28:241-249
Genco RJ, Borgnakke W. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontology. 2000; 2013:(62)59-94
Lang NP, Tonetti MS. Periodontal risk assessment (PRA) for patients in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Oral Health Prev Dent. 2003; 1:7-16
Page RC, Martin J, Krall EA, Mancl L, Garcia R. Longitudinal validation of a risk calculator for periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30:819-827
Matuliene G, Studer R, Lang NP, Schmidlin K Significance of periodontal risk assessment in the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss. J Clin Periodontol. 2010; 37:191-199
The Prevention of Periodontitis
From Volume 47, Issue 10, November 2020 | Pages 871-876
Article
Both gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions caused by the formation and persistence of microbial biofilms on teeth. Gingivitis is the first manifestation of the inflammatory response, which is reversible (Figure 1). If the biofilm persists and becomes dysbiotic, in susceptible patients, this progresses to periodontitis. Periodontitis is characterized by non-reversible tissue destruction, resulting in progressive loss of attachment and ultimately tooth loss (Figure 2). However, the damage is not limited to tooth loss. This condition also has a significant impact on quality of life and increases risk of a number of systemic conditions. For this reason, it also represents a significant public health concern.1
Periodontitis affects more than 50% of the adult population and its severe forms affects 11% of adults, making severe periodontitis the sixth most prevalent disease of humans.2 With such a high burden of disease and its social, oral and systemic consequences, an increased attention on the prevention of this condition is imperative.
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Dental Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:
What's included
- Up to 2 free articles per month
- New content available