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Oral and dental management for people with multiple myeloma: clinical guidance for dental care providers
From Volume 45, Issue 5, May 2018 | Pages 383-399
Article
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is the second most common bone marrow cancer, yet it only accounts for 2% of all cancers.1 Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell (WBC) that produce antibodies to help fight pathogens. Plasma cells in people with MM function abnormally and release only one type of antibody, known as paraprotein, which has no useful function.2 These cancer cells also produce significant amounts of abnormal proteins, called M protein, which can cause kidney damage.3 Multiple myeloma does not usually take the form of a lump or tumour; instead, it fills the bone marrow with abnormal cells and interferes with the production of other cells, thereby causing damage to bones and affecting the production of healthy blood cells. This leads to low normal white blood cell counts (neutropenia) and low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). In the UK, 5,500 new cases of MM are diagnosed each year.1There are approximately 17,500 people living with myeloma in the UK at any one time.1 It most commonly affects men over the age of 65 years and has a higher prevalence in black populations compared with Asian and white populations.4 It is 1.5 times more common in men than women.5
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