To minimize discomfort and pain, we recommend anaesthetizing distal to the site of the scar tissue, for example in a unilateral cleft lip and palate, the local anaesthetic should be given initially in...

A 9-year-old boy presented to A&E, after falling onto a pavement while playing at school. After ensuring that the child had no head injuries or loss of consciousness, the dental injuries were...

The Clinical Standard Advisory Group (CSAG) (1998)7 for cleft was a national study that reviewed the pathways and outcomes in the UK. It made a series of recommendations and led to centralization of...

A comprehensive dental assessment is a fundamental part of the work-up towards cardiac transplant surgery. As patients are placed on high-dose immunosuppressive regimens in the post-transplant...

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that results from the interaction of genetic, endocrine, environmental, behavioural, and social factors. Genetic causes of obesity include polygenic, monogenic,...

Deafness can naturally have a devastating effect on an individuals' ability to communicate. An increased degree of hearing loss is associated with greater psychological, emotional, and social...

Historically these techniques have been referred to as non-pharmacological behaviour management techniques, although they have recently been appropriately termed ‘non-pharmacological patient-support...

Acromegaly is primarily caused by pituitary adenomas, and presents as multiple distinctive clinical changes.1,2,3,8,9,10 These adenomas most commonly arise from somatotroph cells in the anterior...

Autism prevalence is approximately between 1% and 2% of the population nationally, as well as globally7 and has increased in the past 10 years.8 In the UK, this means that up to 2/100 children have...