The lymphoid system is the essential basis of immune defences and comprises predominantly bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes. Tissue fluid...

Pain in the teeth, mouth, face or head usually has a local cause – often the sequelae of dental caries (odontogenic pain) – but psychogenic,...

Sensory innervation of the mouth, face and most of the scalp depends on the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve, so that disease affecting this nerve can...

A 29-year-old Indian female patient reported to the Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology Department of Government Dental College Mumbai, with the...

Red oral lesions are commonplace and usually associated with inflammation in, for example, mucosal infections. However, red lesions can also be...

Entry requirements for dentistry are higher than the minimum level set by many universities and applicants are advised to consult school websites...

‘…a whitish patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease and which is not associated with any...

Oral malodour, or halitosis, is a common complaint in adults, though few mention it, and can have a range of causes (Table 1). With oral malodour from...

Dry mouth (xerostomia) is a complaint that is the most common salivary problem and is the subjective sense of dryness which may be due to:.

Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases is classified in Table 1.1.

Oral cancer is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm affecting the mouth. More than 90% is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (Table 1)..

The most important feature of ulceration is whether the ulcer is single, multiple or persistent..

Ulceration is a breach in the oral epithelium, which typically exposes nerve endings in the underlying lamina propria, resulting in pain or soreness,...

An increased prevalence of oral mucosal conditions has been reported in the elderly when compared with a younger population.3,4 These conditions...