(a) Stroke is characterized by loss of brain activities (temporary or not), usually due to ischaemia or haemorrhage, causing an inability to move limbs, speak and/or understand and see. The main...

Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Condyle: an Unusual Case of Dentofacial Asymmetry. Dent Update 2015; 42: 372. Figure 6 appeared upside down. See corrected Figure 6 below..

The main cause of tooth discoloration is external staining..

(c) Lupus erythematosus (LE) is the answer; LE, discoid or systematic, is an auto-immune disease which, although rarely affecting the mouth, shows single or multiple lesions with a white reticular...

(a) Piercing. This is now quite commonplace but rarely seen in such a number. The placement in a fairly symmetric pattern is a giveaway (Figure 1). Some patients have the habit of inserting foreign...

c) Tetracycline staining is the cause here. Tetracycline given in pregnant mothers or in children <8 years old causes a diffuse discoloration in deciduous and permanent teeth, respectively, as it is...

(c) Orofacial granulomatosis. The history and clinical findings are most consistent with a diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), of which the cheilitis is one part, or Crohn's disease. Chronic...

(b) Frey syndrome: this is characterized by unilateral sweating and flushing of facial skin in the area of the parotid gland during mastication.

d) Vesiculobullous disease: this can involve the gingivae in middle-age, causing chronic erythema and desquamation. The absence of skin or other mucosal lesions here suggests pemphigoid rather than...