(b) Frey syndrome: this is characterized by unilateral sweating and flushing of facial skin in the area of the parotid gland during mastication.

d) Vesiculobullous disease: this can involve the gingivae in middle-age, causing chronic erythema and desquamation. The absence of skin or other mucosal lesions here suggests pemphigoid rather than...

Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities in the dense portions of the bones of the skull lined with a ciliated mucosa, the mucus from which drains via openings (ostia) into the nose. The main sinuses...

Odontogenic tumours are rare, are often asymptomatic, and discovered incidentally on imaging (Table 1). They are generally slow-growing and may reach a large size before becoming symptomatic, eg:.

Caries, periodontitis or pericoronitis are the common oral pyogenic infections. Depending on the bacterial load and host immunity, dental pulpal infection may lead to apical periodontitis, abscess and...

Radiographic features to be assessed include the lesional size, site, shape, margins, radio-density and effects on adjacent structures (displacement of the inferior alveolar nerve or tooth...

Many diseases of, or in, the jaws present asymptomatically, as radiolucencies, radio-opacities or with mixed appearances on radiographs. Other presentations are as swellings, pain or sometimes...

Salivary glands usually swell because of inflammation (sialadenitis) (Figure 1), which is often viral but may have other causes (Table 1). Obstruction of salivary flow is another common cause...

Lumps and swellings in the mouth are common, but of diverse aetiologies (Table 1) and some develop into ulcers, as in various bullous lesions (Article 2) and in malignant neoplasms (Article 3)..

The lymphoid system is the essential basis of immune defences and comprises predominantly bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes. Tissue fluid drains into lymph nodes which act as ‘filters’ of...

Pain in the teeth, mouth, face or head usually has a local cause – often the sequelae of dental caries (odontogenic pain) – but psychogenic, neurological, vascular and conditions where pain is...

Sensory innervation of the mouth, face and most of the scalp depends on the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve, so that disease affecting this nerve can cause sensory loss or orofacial pain, or indeed...

Red oral lesions are commonplace and usually associated with inflammation in, for example, mucosal infections. However, red lesions can also be sinister by signifying severe dysplasia in...

‘…a whitish patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease and which is not associated with any physical or chemical causative agent except the use of...

Dry mouth (xerostomia) is a complaint that is the most common salivary problem and is the subjective sense of dryness which may be due to:.