The biological approach to caries management centres around the plaque biofilm. It is this biolfilm that drives the caries process (Figure 5); thus, by changing the environment in which the biofilm is...

An eight-year-old girl was referred to the School of Dentistry, Belfast regarding ‘enamel hypoplasia’. She had no complaints on presentation and was unconcerned about the appearance of her teeth, but...

A questionnaire study of a random sample of general dental practitioners (GDPs) drawn from the Midlands of England and Scotland reported 6% potentially using PMCs to restore primary teeth.9 An...

While undertaking a service review of child dental care in North-Eastern Scotland in the late 1990s, Dr Dafydd Evans (University of Dundee) and his co-workers found that one general dental...

A 6-year-old female (CB) was referred for the management of AI. It was reported that her father had suffered from a similar dental condition and that all his teeth had been extracted at an early age....

Amelogenesis is a complex process which involves three stages:.

A healthy 7-year-old boy was referred to Liverpool Paediatric Dental Department by his GDP regarding the appearance of his recently erupted permanent maxillary central incisor teeth (Figure 1). Both...

Firm, incorrect toothbrushing in the horizontal plane, instead of using the modified Bass method, can cause wedge-shaped defects in the cervical regions of predominantly maxillary teeth.3,4,8 Brushing...

First, the patient needs to be taught to relax and, whilst in this relaxed state, is exposed to each of the stimuli of the hierarchy in turn. The relaxation phase is critical to success, and should be...

The reason that erupting teeth are more vulnerable to developing caries is not complicated. Carvalho and colleagues suggested it is simply that plaque accumulates more readily on occlusal surfaces...

SOD is probably under recognized as it may be misdiagnosed as hemimaxillofacial dysplasia (HMD), fibrous dysplasia (FD), hemifacial hyperplasia or regional odontodysplasia (ROD). In HMD, ipsilateral...

The completion of root development of the permanent incisors normally occurs in childhood, eg the maxillary central incisor normally completes its root development before the age of around 10 or 11...

The BPE was introduced by the BSP in 1986 to act as a simple and rapid tool to help dentists to screen for periodontal diseases in adults. A study by Tugnait et al in 2004 found that its use had been...

This report described two patients with recurrent parotitis of childhood which had followed different pathways. Case 1 had recurrent symptoms which subsequently became infrequent. She was discharged...

It is recommended that daily intake of fluoride should not exceed 0.05–0.07 mg F/Kg/Day. Regular intake above these levels increases the likelihood of fluorosis occurring due to chronic...