This process begins with the presenting condition of the patient. We can hear patients when we are told a history of the complaint, but if we listen carefully and ask appropriate questions, they will...

Four implant placement protocols have been introduced by the International Team of Implantology (ITI) outlining the timing of implant placement and loading protocols. ITI classifications are detailed...

Following on from its diagnosis, the aim of treatment will clearly be the management of the presenting complaint, examples of which are shown in Table 1..

Revitalization was first studied by Nygaard-Ostby6 and Nygaard-Ostby and Hjortdal,7 who induced bleeding from the peri-apical tissues into the canal space of teeth. Iwaya et al8 further developed the...

Two cases are presented. Case 1 shows the management of a carious tooth following the European Society of Endodontology guidelines6 with selective caries removal. Case 2 follows the American...

ICON (DMG, Hamburg, Germany) is the only material available for resin infiltration. The system consists of: ICON Etch (15% hydrochloric acid), ICON Dry (99% ethanol) and ICON Infiltrant...

All teeth, UR3–UL4 were non-responsive to cold sensibility testing. Peri-apical radiological examination (Figure 3) revealed:.

A 50-year-old female was referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department in 2015 with a 2-cm persistent, firm and discrete neck swelling. Ultrasound examination demonstrated a discrete...

Clinically, consumption of extrinsic acids has been associated with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs),26 and dietary acids are significantly associated with erosion.27 In addition, erosive tooth...

Theories pertaining to the development of DI include growth pressures, discrepancies in cellular hyperplasia, genetic factors, trauma, infection, or alterations in tissue pressure. Despite the various...

Some periodontists might have vested interests in their enthusiastic promotion of their sub-specialty. Traditional ‘maximalist’ periodontists usually advocate the undertaking of detailed assessments,...

The management of two cases of impacted and migrated mandibular canines with autotransplantation are reported. The procedure involved the use of PRF and a physio-dispenser system to improve the...

Satisficing is a ‘cognitive heuristic’, which is a posh term in psychology for what most dentists would call a ‘rule of thumb’. Heuristics are shortcuts that our minds take to arrive at an acceptable...